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Mariana del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez School of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada, Spain Correspondence: M. del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. Email: mariana2002.ffj@gmail.com. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic
Nutrition Reviews, Volume 82, Issue 7, July 2024, Pages 929–948, https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuad099
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07 August 2023
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Mariana del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez, Plant foods, healthy plant-based diets, and type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 82, Issue 7, July 2024, Pages 929–948, https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuad099
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic chronic disease in which insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production lead to elevated blood glucose levels. The prevalence of T2D is growing worldwide, mainly due to obesity and the adoption of Western diets. Replacing animal foods with healthy plant foods is associated with a lower risk of T2D in prospective studies. In randomized controlled trials, the consumption of healthy plant foods in place of animal foods led to cardiometabolic improvements in patients with T2D or who were at high risk of the disease. Dietary patterns that limit or exclude animal foods and focus on healthy plant foods (eg, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes), known as healthy, plant-based diets, are consistently associated with a lower risk of T2D in cohort studies. The aim of this review is to examine the differential effects of plant foods and animal foods on T2D risk and to describe the existing literature about the role of healthy, plant-based diets, particularly healthy vegan diets, in T2D prevention and management. The evidence from cohort studies and randomized controlled trials will be reported, in addition to the potential biological mechanisms that seem to be involved.
healthy plant-based diet, plant-based diet, plant protein, type 2 diabetes, vegan diet
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